Step 1: Initial Application Review

The first stage of the SSDI evaluation process begins when you submit your application to the SSA. In Maryland, this application is reviewed by Disability Determination Services (DDS). At this stage, the SSA checks:

• Work history to confirm you’ve paid into Social Security through employment
• Medical evidence to determine whether your condition meets disability criteria
• Earnings to ensure you are not engaging in substantial gainful activity (SGA)

This review typically takes 3 to 6 months. If the SSA finds that your condition is severe and prevents you from working, your claim may be approved at this stage.

Step 2: Five-Step Disability Evaluation

The SSA uses a five-step sequential evaluation to determine SSDI eligibility:

1. Are you working above SGA level?
   If you’re earning more than a certain monthly amount, your application may be denied.
2. Is your condition severe?
   Your impairment must significantly limit your ability to perform basic work tasks.
3. Does your condition meet or equal a listing?
   If your medical issue matches an SSA-listed condition, you may automatically qualify.
4. Can you perform past work?
   The SSA checks whether you can return to any previous jobs.
5. Can you adjust to other work?
   If not, based on your age, education, and skills, you may be considered disabled.

Each step requires thorough documentation and medical evidence. Missing or vague information may lead to delays or denials.

Step 3: Medical Evidence and Consultative Exams

The DDS team will gather your medical records and may request additional information from your doctors. In some cases, they may schedule a consultative examination (CE) with an SSA-approved physician to further evaluate your condition.

You should attend all scheduled appointments and ensure your doctors submit clear, detailed reports that explain your limitations.

Step 4: Approval or Denial

Once the SSA completes its evaluation, you will receive a notice of decision. If approved, your benefits will begin after a short waiting period. If denied, you will receive an explanation and have the right to appeal.

Most initial applications are denied, so it’s important to be prepared for the next steps if needed.

Step 5: Appeals Process (If Needed)

If your application is denied, the next stages of the SSDI process in Maryland include:

• Reconsideration: A new review of your file
• ALJ Hearing: A hearing before an Administrative Law Judge
• Appeals Council Review: A final SSA review of the judge’s decision
• Federal Court: A lawsuit filed in federal district court (if necessary)

Each appeal stage takes time, but many applicants succeed during the hearing phase with proper preparation.