Step 1: Judge Reviews the Case

Once your hearing concludes, the judge does not usually issue a decision on the spot. Instead, they take time to evaluate:

• All medical records and test results
• Statements from your doctor or specialists
• Testimony from vocational experts (if present)
• Your own explanation of your disability and work history

This comprehensive review helps the judge determine whether your condition meets SSA’s criteria for disability and when it began.

Step 2: Decision Is Written and Issued

After reviewing your file, the judge prepares a written decision. This document will include:

• A summary of the hearing
• The findings of fact
• The legal reasoning behind the decision
• The final outcome: fully favorable, partially favorable, or unfavorable

This decision is mailed to you, typically within 2 to 3 months of the hearing, though timelines can vary.

Step 3: Receiving a Favorable Decision

If your claim is approved:

• You’ll receive an award letter from the SSA
• It will detail your monthly benefit amount
• It will explain how much back pay you are owed and when you’ll start receiving payments
• If Medicare applies, your coverage start date will also be included

Step 4: Unfavorable or Partially Favorable Decision

If the judge denies your claim or grants a partial award, you still have options:

• You can appeal to the Appeals Council
• If the Appeals Council denies review, you may take your case to federal court
• New evidence can sometimes be submitted during these next stages

You typically have 60 days to file an appeal after receiving the judge’s written decision.